Furnace construction



June 30, 1925. 1,543,970

F. J. zlPPLER FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed June 27, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Hy. l

ATTORN EY June 30, 1925.

F. J. ZIPPLER FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed June 27, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2FIJ. Z/PPL E2 INVENroR ATTORNEY Patented .inne 30, i925.

time

FRANCIS J. ZPPLER, OF AVALON, PENNSYLVANIA.

IEURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed .Tune 27, 1924.

To all iti/tom it' may concern.'

Be it known that 1, Francis J. Zrrrnnn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Avalon, in the county of Allegheny and State ofiennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in FurnacelConstructions, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to furnaces, and more particularly to cupolafurnaces.

This invention is intended more particularly as an improvement over thefurnace construction disclosed in my U. S. Patent 1,055,589 for furnaceissued March 11, 1913; and one of the main objects of the presentinvention is to provide an improved twyer construction whereby the twyeropenings .into the furnace may be varied in size and in their relativedisposition to suit circumstances and obtain maximum efficiency inoperation. A further object is to provide a furnace construction inwhich the air as it enters the furnace is so distributed and controlledas to be uniformly distributed throughout the cross-area of the furnace.Another object is to provide means whereby all possibility of currentsor streams of air which have not been preheated being project ed intothe molten metal in the furnace, is eliminated, thus avoiding freezing7of the metal in the furnace and consequent stoppage thereof such as notinfrequently occurs in furnaces of this general type in which the air isprojected into the furnace radially thereof and without suflicientpreheating. Further objects will appear from the detail description.

In the drawing.

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through the lower portion of afurnace constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section substantially on line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective detail of one of the upper twyer blocks; l

Fig. 4 is a perspective detail of a modified form of upper twyer block;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section through the furnace showing a modifiedform of construction; f

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section showing a slight modification of t-heform illustrated in Fig. A1;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the lower portion of the furnaceshowing another modii'ied form of construction;

Serial No. 722,766.

Fig. 8 is asection taken substantially on line 8 8 of Fig. 7

Fig. 9 is a detail perspective view of one of the twyer blocks used inthe construction shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

The furnace A is of known construction and includes a sheathing orcasing B which surrounds the refractory material C of the interior ofthe furnace. The furnace is pr'o vided with a downwardly tapering neckportion o with which communicates a reduced throat d the lower end ofwhich opens into an enlarged metal receiving chamber e provided in thelower portion f of the furnace structure. The construction of cupolafurnaces of this type is well known in this art and it is not thoughtnecessary to further describe in detail the construction of the furnaceitself.

A cast iron ring 1 which may be formed in one piece or of one or moresegments, as desired, is mounted upon the top ofl lower portion f of thefurnace structure. This ring is provided, a short distance from itsouter edge, with an upwardly projecting rib 2 which acts as a stopelement for a series of lower twyer blocks 8 of cast iron or othersuitable material, these blocks being of hollow construction and ofsegmental shape, the open sides of the blocks being directed downwardlyand seating upon ring 1. Fach block is provided with a thickened innerportion et the inner upper face Aa of which is inclined downwardly andinwardly of the furnace. A horizontally disposed shoulder 5 is providedat the upper end of surface fia. The block is further provided, at itsouter upper edge, with an upwardly projecting flange 6. This flange actsas a stop element for an upper twyer block 7 which is also of hollowconstruction and is seated upon block 3 with its open side directeddownwardly. Block 7 is provided with an inner upper thickened portion 8the inner surface 8a of which is inclined upwardly and inwardly of thefurnace, from the lower enel of which extends a short vertical portion8b. ihe twyer blocks 3 and 7 are held in superposed relation and arespaced away from the periphery of lower portion f of the furnace'so asto leave an annular air space 9 extending about the furnace between thetwyer blocks and the casing B. An air manifold or chestD extends aboutthe furnace and air under pressure is supplied to this chest throughconduits E in any 8 of blocks 7 and -an inner flange or wall 13 whichdepends from an annular castiron yplate 14.v which seats upon blocks 7.The

inner surface 13a of wall 13 .inclined downwardly and outwardly oftlievfurnace i" from the lower end .of throat cl and this wall is providedat its'l-ower edge with an outwardly projecting shoulder `15which isdisposed in alignment with Yshoulders v5 of blocks 3. Wall 13 vco-actswiththe'inclined Vsurfaces 'aa of elements 4L of blocks 3 to provide anoutlet opening at-the'lower portion of the passage 1Q whichacts todirectthe air 4from-this,passage into'the fur.- nace downwardly and inwardlythereof. The inclined surface 13L of the wall .13.,acts to deflect thevair which tends-to fiowiupwardly along this surface upwardly andinwardly of the furnace, the air being `thus uniformly distributedthroughout the crossarea of thecfurnace and. all tendency to project theair into the Yfurnace radially thereof in streams and at high Avelocityiseliminated thus effectually preventing sudden cooling and consequentfreezing of the molten metal passing Vinto the lower portion of thefurnace, such as occurs in vffnrnaces ofthis type where relatively coldVair is projected .into the "furnaceradially thereof.

A plurality of` closure members orfbriclrs 16 -of refractory materialare supported upon shoulders "5 Vand 15 of blocks 3 and wall 13,respectively, these bricks extending across the lower portion of air.passage .12.

B i soacin these bricks aiart I rovide Lka d l n l P iluralit7 of outlettw er ooeninos 17 through which Athe air is ,discharged into the furnaceinthe manner described. The bricks 16 are free from each other andfronil the flanges so'that these bricks maybe moved toward or awayifrom eachother thus varying the sizes of theopenings n17 as .well as the relativedisposition of these openings.

v.This feature is of yparticular'importance Aas tain maximum efficiency.:Ring1'4 is'provided with a plurality of openings18 which are disposedin alignment with air space 55 49. A plurality ofair linesv 19 ofapproxilner face 7b. to use vthe hollow Vblocks illustrated and abovedescribed though the solid blocks can mately4 L-shape .are mountedinbody C of the furnace, the lower ends of these ilues registering withopenings 18 and the upper ends ofthese flues communicating with. throatal at the approximate center thereof.

IFor convenience in handling these flues are preferably constructed ofsections of cast iron,ronevof these sections being provided with offsetelements or lugs for reception of the other section, as illustrated inFig.

if desi-red, the flues may be hreplaced by ""5 suitable :passage ways orducts formed in the wall ofthe furnace, as `will be'readily understood.A portion ofthe air `which enters Vinto Yair space 9 is discharged intothe annular lair passage V12 `from Ywhich it is dischargedintothelfurnace below `throat d inthemanner previously described; This airis -causedto assumera V,toituouspath'of travel so as `to be preheatedbefore it'en- 'ters into the .furnace itself. The remaining portion of"the air which enters space 9 Eflows upwardly throughflues 19 andisdischargedinto'throat d centrally thereof, this air being alsopreheatedandhavingits direction of travel reversed during passage throughthe'flues. In this manner I assure that a-.maximum amount of air issupplied `to the imolten metal .flowing through throat d into the lowerlportion of the chamber,

this air being preheated andso directed -and distributed as toeifectually prevent tooling and .consequent freezing of the metal.4

:In the modified `form illustrated in Fig.

`5 I have shown a vsolid lower twyerblock 3 having a vertical inner face3" anda solid upper twyer block 7a having a steppedin- Ordinarily,however, vI prefer be employed where great strength is desired. In theform illustrated in Fig. yhiwealso omitted `the rib '2 of-plate 1 asthesolid blocks are suliiciently `heavy to remain in proper positionunder ordinary conditions though, as ,will ibe understood, these blocks`andthe ring 41 can, if desired, be provided.

with co-acting flanges and a rib for holding the blocks againstmovement.

` In the form illustrated in Fig. Gthe slioulder 15 of the dependingwall13 of plate 1 4 is omitted, as well Aas the shoulder 5 of blockandthe'bricks L16. In all otherrespects the construction in this `formissimilar tothat illustrated in Figs. land 2.

In Figs. 7 and 8 I have shown a different type of upper twyer block 2Oof hollow construction which is provided, adjacent to its inner end,with an inner wall 2l from which extend top and side walls 22 and 23,respectively. vThis provides a vblock of light construction whichpossesses great strength and is well adapted for use in constructingunusually large or heavy furnaces. In all other respects theconstruction of the form illustrated in'Figs. 7 and 8 is similar to thatillustrated in Fig. 6.

As above indicated, and as will be understood, changes in details ofconstruction and f arrangement of parts of the invention may be resortedto without departing from the field and scope of the same, and I intendto include all such variations, as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims, in this application in which the preferred forms only of myinvention are disclosed.

What I claim is l. A furnace provided with an annular air passage, meansfor supplying air under pressure to said passage, the air passage havingan inner wall extending from the top of the passage, the lower edge ofsaid inner wall being spaced above the bottom of the passage, and aplurality of closure members supported between the inner and outer wallsof the passage and extending across said passage, said members beingarranged in spaced relation and forming twyer openings establishingcommunication between the air passage and the interior of the furnace.

2. A furnace provided with an annular air passage, means for supplyingair under pressure to said passage, the air passage having an inner wallextending from the top of the passage, said wall being provided adjacentto its lower edge with a shoulder projecting inwardly of the air passageand the outer wall of the air passage being provided with a shoulderprojecting inwardly of the passage, and a plurality of closure membersextending across said passage and seating upon said shoulders, saidmembers being free from each other and the walls of the air-passagewhereby the closure members may be arranged to provide twyer openingsestablishing communication between the interior of the furnace and theair passage and the relative sizes and disposition of such openings maybe varied at will.

3. In a furnace construction, a bot-tom portion, a ring member mountedon the bottom portion, twyer blocks supported above said bottom portionand disposed in spaced relation, means for supplying air under pressureto the spaces between said blocks, and a ring member seated upon saidblocks and provided with a depending peripheral flange spaced away fromthe inner faces of said twyer blocks for admitting air into the furnace.

f4. In a furnace construction, a. bottom portion, a ring member mountedon the bottom portion, twyer bloc rs supported above said bottom portionand disposed in spaced relation, means for supplying air under pressureto the spaces between said blocks, a ring member mounted upon saidblocks and provided with a depending peripheral flange spaced away fromthe inner faces of said twyer blocks, and means for deflecting the airfrom the space between said flange and the blocks into the furnace.

5. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mounted onthe bottom portion, twyer blocks supported above said bottom portion anddisposed in spaced relation, means for supplying air under pressure tothe spaces between the blocks, a ring member. seated upon said blocksand provided with a depending peripheral flange spaced away from theinner faces of said twyer blocks, and means for deiiecting the air fromthe space between said flange and the blocks into the furnace downwardlyand inwardly thereof.

6. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mounted onthe bottom portion, twyer blocks supported above said bottom portion anddisposed in spaced relation, means for supplying air under pressure tothe spaces between said blocks, a ring member seated upon said blocksand provided with a depending peripheral flange spaced away from theinner faces of said twyer blocks, and a plurality of members supportedbetween the blocks and the flange and disposed in spaced relation toform twyer openings for admitting air into the furnace.

7. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mounted onthe bottom portion, blocks supported above the ring member and spacedapart, means for supplying air under pressure to the spaces between theblocks, and an upper ring member seated on the blocks and provided witha depending peripheral wall spaced away from the inner faces of theblocks, the lower edge of the wall being spaced away from the furnacestructure to provide an opening for admitting air to the furnace.

8. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mounted onthe bottom portion, lower twyer blocks mounted on the ring, upper twyerblocks mounted on said lower blocks and disposed in spaced relation,means\ for supplying air under pressure to the spaces between the upperblocks, and an upper ring seated upon said upper blocks and providedwith a depending peripheral wall spaced away from the inner faces of theblocks, the lower edge of said wall being positioned above the lowerfaces of said lower blocks.

9. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mounted onthe bottom portion, lower twyer blocksy mounted on the ring and havingtheir inner accs 1nclined downwardly and inwardly of the,

and providedy with a depending:peripheral` wall spaced away from theinner faces of the blocks, the'lower edge ofsaid wal-l being spacedabove the lower edges of the inner faces of said lower blocks.

10. In a furnace construction, a bottom portion, a ring member mountedon the bot.- tom portion, lower twyer blocks mounted on the ring andhavingl their inner facesinclined downwardly and inwardly of thefurnace, upper twyer blocks mounted on said lower blocks and disposed inspaced relae tion, means for supplying air under pres- Lne-acre sure tothespaces between the upper blocks, an upper ring Seated upon said upperblocks and provided with a depending ipe rjipheral wall4 spaced awayfrom the inner` faces of the blocks, the lower edge of Said wall beingyspaced above the lower edgesl oi the innerl faces of Said lower blocks:andA relation, means for supplying. air under pressure toy the spacesbetween said blocksg,

and a ring seated upon Said blocks and prg i vided with a dependingperipheral wall spaced away from the inner faces of the. blocks andextend-ing `below the spaces be,- tweenV said blocks.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

FRANCIS J. ZIPPLER.

